ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues (Ad-MSCs) are a very attractive target to treat many diseases. In relation to nephrology, the aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of Ad-MSCs for the amelioration of acute kidney injury and to explore the mechanism of renal parenchymal changes in response to allogeneic transplantation of Ad-MSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nephrotoxicity was induced by cisplatin (CP) in balb/c mice according to RIFLE Class and AKIN Stage 3. PCR, qRT-PCR and fluorescent labeled cells infusion, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, functional analyses were used for genes and proteins expressions data acquisition respectively. We demonstrated that single intravenous infusion of 2.5×107/kg mAd-MSCs in mice pre-injected with CP recruited to the kidney, restored the renal structure, and function, which resulted in progressive survival of mice. The renal tissue morphology was recovered in terms of diminished necrosis or epithelial cells damage, protein casts formation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, tubular dilatation, and restoration of brush border protein; Megalin and decreased Kim-1 expressions in mAd-MSCs transplanted mice. Significant reduction in serum creatinine with slashed urea and urinary protein levels were observed. Anti-BrdU staining displayed enhanced tubular cells proliferation. Predominantly, downgrade expressions of TNF-α and TGF-β1 were observed post seven days in mAd-MSCs transplanted mice. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-MSCs exerts pro-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. Ad-MSCs transplantation without any chemical or genetic manipulation can provide the evidence of therapeutic strategy for the origin of regeneration and overall an improved survival of the system in functionally deprived failed kidneys.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Acute Kidney Injury , Cisplatin , Creatinine , Dilatation , Epithelial Cells , Immunohistochemistry , Infusions, Intravenous , Kidney , Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2 , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Microvilli , Necrosis , Nephrology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Regeneration , Regenerative Medicine , Transplantation, Homologous , UreaABSTRACT
Glycemic control is a very useful parameter for the prevention of the chronic metabolic diseases complications such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and kidney disease. Glycemic control management among chronic metabolic diseases has been an area of active research from the past decades. The glycemic index specifies that how fasting blood glucose level is elevated after consuming a high carbohydrate-containing diet. The metabolic studies among the human populations showed that glycemic index is directly related with different chronic metabolic diseases. The sturdiest associations are suggested that the low caloric diet consumption can prevents metabolic complications. Primary and tight glycemic control is compulsory to prevent and reduce the development of vascular complications in individuals with chronic disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a practical guideline on the bases of the survey of the related key studies which had reflected the clinical guidelines and current perspectives related to glycemic management. The objective of this review is also to investigate the interventions, related to glycemic control in patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, we can say that multidisciplinary management of glycemic control are powerful measure for the prevention of metabolic diseases complications, providing necessary support for reducing in economic burden of chronic metabolic diseases
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare anti-albumin urea effects of Valsartan alone with combination of Valsartan and Amlodipine in patients of chronic kidney disease
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur, from April 2014 to 30 September 2014. 140 patients of chronic kidney disease with baseline blood pressure more than 140/90mmHg having raised urinary albumin: creatinine ratio [UACR]. UACR more than 3.5 mg/mmol was considered abnormal. Group-A was treated with Valsartan 80mg daily and Group-B was treated with valsartan 80 and amlodipine 10mg once a day. We did not change the dose of drugs and check spot UACR at base line and after six months with therapy and compare improvement in UACR between Group-A and B. Data was analyzed by statistical software packages [SPSS 16.0]
Results: In both the groups, BP was significantly lower than the respective value. Mean decrease in spot UACR in Group-A was 3.18 +/- 2.64 mg/mmol and UACR in Group-B mean decrease in UACR was 13.01 +/- 20.11 mg/mmol. P value was <0.05
Conclusion: The combination therapy of valsartan with amlodipine significantly lowers the albuminuria in chronic Kidney disease and reduce the progression of disease as compared to Valsartan alone therapy
ABSTRACT
To find out the Modified Marsh type of celiac disease [CD] patients on histopathological examination of duodenal [D2] biopsies and to correlate it with tissue transglutaminase IgA levels. Cross sectional study. Place of Histopathology laboratory [Department of Pathology], Isra University Hospital and Asian Institute of Medical Sciences [AIMS], Hyderabad. July 2013 to December 2013. 96 patients with a history of malabsorption or atypical symptoms with clinical suspicion of CD were subjected to endoscopy. Endoscopic duodenal [D2] biopsies were taken regardless of age and gender. D2 biopsies were processed for histopathological examination under light microscopy. Out of 96 patients, 45 [46.9%] patients had moderate type of lamina propria inflammation along with highly significant p-value [0.0001].CD type 3a was observed in 34 patients [35.4%]. In this study the comparison of serological level of tissue Transglutaminase IgA [tTGA] and histological severity revealed significant correlation. All Modified Marsh types of CD with tTGA level seen in our study were highly significant [p-value 0.001]. In this study strong correlation was observed between the serological tTGA level and histological findings by Modified Marsh classification along with lamina propria inflammation of duodenal mucosa in CD patients
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of Factor V Leiden in cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Healthy controls. This case control study was performed in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, From 21[st] March to 25[th] September 2013.One hundred patients with diagnostic evidence of Deep vein thrombosis on Doppler ultrasound/Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan were included in the study through non probability convenient sampling and compared with 100 matched healthy controls. DMA was extracted from the blood sample by kit method. In order to identify Factor V Leiden mutation, the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method was utilized combined with the Amplification refractory mutation system. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] version 17. In 100 patients of Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT], frequency of Factor V Leiden [FVL] was 13% and it is was 2% in healthy control group. A significant association was found between FVL and DVT with odds ratio of 7.32 and with P value [P = 0.003]. FVL was found to be highly prevalent among patients of DVT, Signifying strong association between the two
ABSTRACT
Background: Premenstrual syndrome [PMS] is one of the disorders associated with onset of menstruation causing physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of premenstrual syndrome among female population of Rahim Yar Khan
Methodology: Study Design: Cross sectional study. Study subjects: Females of reproductive age from 16 to 40 years. Place and duration of study: Research was conducted from 16[th] to 29[th] March 2015 that was carried out in OPD and Gynecology ward of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Performa was designed and pretested. Before commencing with the data collection, informed verbal consent was taken from all the 300 study subjects. The performa contained information on age, marital status, occupation, educational level of subjects and signs/symptoms of premenstrual syndrome among females. The data was entered on SPSS version 16 and results of various variables were presented as percentage and mean +/- standard deviation
Results: Study subjects has mean age of 22 +/- 4.9 years. Age distribution of subjects was 16-20 years [47%], 21-25 years [38.3%], 26-30 years [7%], 31-35 years [4.3%] and 36-40 years [4.3%]. In this study, 5.7% were illiterate, 3% primary, 3% middle, 7% secondary and 81% were highly educated. In this study, 74% were students, 14% housewives, 10% has government job and 2.3% has private job. In this study, 74.7% were unmarried. Out of 300 females 251 [83.7%] were found to have PMS. Frequency of PMS symptoms in study subjects were anxiety [57.7%], depression [57.7%], mood swing [71.7%], irritability [73.3%], pain [86.7%], fatigue [79.7%], discomfort [83.7%], abdominal cramps [47.7%], breast tenderness [25%], bloating [27.7%] and acne [32.3%]. The frequency of most common risk factor was low cheese/butter intake [87.7%], high tea/coffee intake [74.7%], high salty / junk food intake [66.3%], Low yogurt intake [61%], daily exercise [48%], low milk intake [39%], low egg intake [35.5%], low vegetable intake [13.7%], sedentary life style [33.3%], stressed state [30.3%], and eating spicy/cold food [7.3%]
Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome was high in study subjects and high in young females. Majority of the women having PMS were unmarried, students and education level above bachelors and has low cheese/ butter intake, high tea/coffee and junk food intake
ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome [MS] is a cluster of metabolic risk factors including obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. MS in obese and type 2 diabetic [T2DM] subjects increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]. The objective of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of MS in obese T2DM subjects by using International Diabetes Federation [IDF] and National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP-ATP III] definitions
Methods: Obese T2DM [n=70] and normal healthy subjects [n=30] of both genders were selected from hospitals and diabetic centers of various localities of Karachi, Pakistan. The frequency of MS was estimated by utilizing criteria of the proposed definitions of IDF and NCEP-ATP III
Results: The prevalence of MS using IDF definition in obeseT2DM subjects was 85.7%. It is significantly higher [p
Conclusion It is concluded that, the overall prevalence of MS is increasing significantly in obese T2DM subjects by using IDF and NCEP - ATP III definitions. However, IDF is more stringent for defining MS. Therefore, it is needed to initiate the preventive measures of a healthy lifestyle and emphasis should be given to reduce weight, increase physical activity, and increase intake of healthy low-glycemic-index foods
ABSTRACT
To determine the changes in the serum insulin levels in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats in comparison with oral hypoglycemic drugs. An experimental study. This study was conducted at Al Tibri Medical College Karachi during December 2012 to December 2013. The present study was conducted on 60 Albino rats which were group from A to F consisting of 10 rats in each group. These groups were further divided into two sub groups which were treated with low dose and high dose of the cinnamon and oral hypoglycemic drugs. The results showed that there is significant reduction in serum insulin level in the alloxan treated group animals which was improved in group C animals treated with low dose of cinnamon extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Also animals in group D and group E treated with tolbutamide and acarbose respectively showed higher increase in serum insulin level as compared with cinnamon extract treated groups, however when cinnamon extract was used in combination with tolbutamide or acarbose it showed synergetic effects. Tolbutamide and Acarbose treated groups showed better anti diabetic effect by increasing the serum insulin level in comparison with cinnamon extract treated groups when used individually. This effect was enhanced when cinnamon extract was used in combination with either tolbutamide or acarbose